Difference between revisions of "Pituitary gland"

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(→‎Necrosis: replace refs)
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*Sheehan syndrome - blood loss in childbirth.<ref>URL: [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889]. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.</ref>
*Sheehan syndrome - blood loss in childbirth.<ref>URL: [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889 http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889]. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.</ref>
*Syphilis (paediatric).<ref>URL: [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/1/e4 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/1/e4]. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.</ref>
*Syphilis (paediatric).<ref>URL: [http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/1/e4 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/1/e4]. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.</ref>
*Mollaret's meningitis.<ref name=pmid18715308>PMID 18715308.</ref> (???)
*Mollaret's meningitis.<ref name=pmid18715308>{{cite journal |author=Dancer CM, Woods ML, Henderson RD, Robertson T, Mungomery M, Allworth A |title=Mollaret's meningitis and pituitary failure associated with a Rathke's cleft cyst |journal=Intern Med J |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=609–11 |year=2008 |month=July |pmid=18715308 |doi=10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01709.x |url=}}</ref> (???)
*Spontaneous necrosis of pituitary tumours - rare.<ref>URL: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1639254/pdf/brmedj00512-0028a.pdf http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1639254/pdf/brmedj00512-0028a.pdf]. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.</ref>
*Spontaneous necrosis of pituitary tumours - rare.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sachdev Y, Evered DC, Hall R |title=Spontaneous pituitary necrosis |journal=Br Med J |volume=1 |issue=6015 |pages=942 |year=1976 |month=April |pmid=1268492 |pmc=1639254 |doi= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1639254/pdf/brmedj00512-0028a.pdf}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 05:51, 17 November 2010

The pituitary gland is known as the master gland.

Divisions:[1]

  • Anterior pituitary (AKA adenohypophysis).
  • Posterior pituitary (AKA neurohypophysis, neural pituitary).

Function

Anterior part:[2]

  • Growth hormone (GH).
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)

Mnemonic: "Go Look For The Adenoma Please" = GH, LH, FSH, TSH, ACTH, PRL.

Posterior part:[2]

  • Oxytocin.
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Anatomy and histology

Basic anatomy (simplified):[3]

  • Anterior:
    • Pars distalis.
    • Pars intermedia.
  • Posterior:
    • Pars nervosa.

Embryological origin:[3]

  • Anterior - Rathke's pouch (roof of mouth).
  • Posterior - diencephalon (ventral aspect).

Image:

Histology

Anterior

  • Acidophils (40% of cells) = red or orange.
    • GH, PRL.
  • Basophils (10% of cells) = basophilic (light blue).
    • TSH, LH, FSH.
  • Chromophobes (50% of cells) = amphophilic (purplish/grey).

Notes:

  • The cellular product (i.e. hormone produced) is not strictly correlated with the cell type.[4]

Posterior

Features:[4]

  • Herring bodies - key feature.
    • Eosinophilic axonal dilations filled with lysosomes and neurosecretory granules.
  • Less cellular.
    • Usually more cellular in perivascular location.

Image: Herring bodies (ouhsc.edu).

Pituitary adenoma

Features:[5]

  • Loss of fibrous stroma.

Rathke cleft cyst

See Head and neck pathology.
  • Arises from intermediate lobe.

Craniopharyngioma

See Head and neck pathology.

Necrosis

  • Sheehan syndrome - blood loss in childbirth.[6]
  • Syphilis (paediatric).[7]
  • Mollaret's meningitis.[8] (???)
  • Spontaneous necrosis of pituitary tumours - rare.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/histo.html
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Pituitary.html
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 URL: http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/hypopit/histo_pit.html. Accessed on: 31 October 2010.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Perry, Arie; Brat, Daniel J. (2010). Practical Surgical Neuropathology: A Diagnostic Approach: A Volume in the Pattern Recognition series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 26. ISBN 978-0443069826.
  5. ↑ Perry, Arie; Brat, Daniel J. (2010). Practical Surgical Neuropathology: A Diagnostic Approach: A Volume in the Pattern Recognition series (1st ed.). Churchill Livingstone. pp. 36. ISBN 978-0443069826.
  6. ↑ URL: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sheehans-syndrome/DS00889. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.
  7. ↑ URL: http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/104/1/e4. Accessed on: 16 November 2010.
  8. ↑ Dancer CM, Woods ML, Henderson RD, Robertson T, Mungomery M, Allworth A (July 2008). "Mollaret's meningitis and pituitary failure associated with a Rathke's cleft cyst". Intern Med J 38 (7): 609–11. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2008.01709.x. PMID 18715308.
  9. ↑ Sachdev Y, Evered DC, Hall R (April 1976). "Spontaneous pituitary necrosis". Br Med J 1 (6015): 942. PMC 1639254. PMID 1268492. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1639254/pdf/brmedj00512-0028a.pdf.

External links

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