Difference between revisions of "Choriocarcinoma"
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==IHC== | ==IHC== | ||
[[ISUP]] consensus paper by Ulbright ''et al.'':<ref name=pmid24832161>{{cite journal |author=Ulbright TM, Tickoo SK, Berney DM, Srigley JR |title=Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in testicular tumors: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=38 |issue=8 |pages=e50–9 |year=2014 |month=August |pmid=24832161 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0000000000000233 |url=}}</ref> | |||
*Beta-hCG +ve. | *Beta-hCG +ve. | ||
* | *Glypican 3 +ve/-ve. | ||
* | *OCT3 -ve. | ||
*AFP -ve. | |||
Others: | |||
*Ki-67 +ve -- typically >30%. | |||
*MUC-4 +ve.<ref name=pmid18059230>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mao | first1 = TL. | last2 = Kurman | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Huang | first3 = CC. | last4 = Lin | first4 = MC. | last5 = Shih | first5 = IeM. | title = Immunohistochemistry of choriocarcinoma: an aid in differential diagnosis and in elucidating pathogenesis. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 31 | issue = 11 | pages = 1726-32 | month = Nov | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318058a529 | PMID = 18059230 }}</ref> | *MUC-4 +ve.<ref name=pmid18059230>{{Cite journal | last1 = Mao | first1 = TL. | last2 = Kurman | first2 = RJ. | last3 = Huang | first3 = CC. | last4 = Lin | first4 = MC. | last5 = Shih | first5 = IeM. | title = Immunohistochemistry of choriocarcinoma: an aid in differential diagnosis and in elucidating pathogenesis. | journal = Am J Surg Pathol | volume = 31 | issue = 11 | pages = 1726-32 | month = Nov | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1097/PAS.0b013e318058a529 | PMID = 18059230 }}</ref> | ||
* | |||
Notes: | |||
*Beta-hCG is classically said to be produced by syncytiotrophoblasts.<ref name=pmid20735820>{{Cite journal | last1 = Cole | first1 = LA. | title = Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules. | journal = Reprod Biol Endocrinol | volume = 8 | issue = | pages = 102 | month = | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1186/1477-7827-8-102 | PMID = 20735820 | PMC = 2936313 | URL = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936313/ }}</ref> | |||
**Cytotrophoblasts also produce some<ref name=pmid20735820/><ref name=pmid12242037>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kovalevskaya | first1 = G. | last2 = Genbacev | first2 = O. | last3 = Fisher | first3 = SJ. | last4 = Caceres | first4 = E. | last5 = O'Connor | first5 = JF. | title = Trophoblast origin of hCG isoforms: cytotrophoblasts are the primary source of choriocarcinoma-like hCG. | journal = Mol Cell Endocrinol | volume = 194 | issue = 1-2 | pages = 147-55 | month = Aug | year = 2002 | doi = | PMID = 12242037 }}</ref> - usually no staining. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Revision as of 03:13, 1 August 2014
| Choriocarcinoma | |
|---|---|
| Diagnosis in short | |
 Choriocarcinoma. H&E stain. | |
|
| |
| LM | cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblast (often wrapped around the cytotrophoblasts) - multinucleated, hemorrhage (very common), necrosis (common) |
| LM DDx | mixed germ cell tumour, invasive hydatidiform mole, placental site trophoblastic tumour |
| IHC | beta-hCG |
| Gross | dark friable, hemorrhagic/necrotic-appearing mass with an invasive border |
| Site | ovary, testis, uterus |
|
| |
| Associated Dx | complete hydatidiform mole |
| Clinical history | often preceded by pregnancy |
| Symptoms | vaginal bleeding |
| Prevalence | rare |
| Blood work | beta-hCG markedly elevated |
Choriocarcinoma is a rare aggressive germ cell tumour.
General
- Aggressive clinical course.
- Usually a mixed tumour, i.e. pure choriocarcinoma is rare, e.g. dysgerminoma + choriocarcinoma.
Clinical
- High beta-hCG -- usually > 10,000 IU.
- Vaginal bleeding.
- Occasionally thyrotoxicosis.[1]
Epidemiology
- May be preceded by a complete hydatidiform mole.[2]
- More common in the far east.
- More common at extremes of fertile age (teens and 40-50 years).
Gross
- Dark, shaggy, focally hemorrhagic & friable/necrotic-appearing.
- Invasive border.
Microscopic
Features:
- Two cell populations:
- Cytotrophoblasts - key feature.
- Clear cytoplasm.
- Polygonal shaped cells in cords/masses.
- Distinct cell borders.
- Single uniform nucleus.
- Syncytiotrophoblasts - may be absent.[3]
- Large + many irreg. or lobular hyperchromatic nuclei.
- Eosinophilic vacuolated cytoplasm (contains hCG).
- +/-Hemorrhage - classically in the centre of the lesion.
- +/-Necrosis.
Notes:
- No chorionic villi should be present.
- If chorionic villi are present... it is likely a type of hydatidiform mole.
- The dual cell population may not be evident at first.
- Hemorrhage and marked nuclear pleomorphism are suggestive of the diagnosis.
DDx:
Images
Choriocarcinoma - intermed. mag. (WC/Nephron)
Choriocarcinoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Choriocarcinoma - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Choriocarcinoma - high mag. (WC/Nephron)
Choriocarcinoma - very high mag. (WC/Nephron)
www:
- Choriocarcinoma - low mag. (webpathology.com).
- Choriocarcinoma (webpathology.com).
- Choriocarcinoma (webpathology.com).
- Choriocarcinoma (chestjournal.chestpubs.org).[4]
- Choriocarcinoma - uterus (med.jhmi.edu).
IHC
ISUP consensus paper by Ulbright et al.:[5]
- Beta-hCG +ve.
- Glypican 3 +ve/-ve.
- OCT3 -ve.
- AFP -ve.
Others:
- Ki-67 +ve -- typically >30%.
- MUC-4 +ve.[6]
Notes:
- Beta-hCG is classically said to be produced by syncytiotrophoblasts.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ O'Reilly, S.; Lyons, DJ.; Harrison, M.; Gaffney, E.; Cullen, M.; Clancy, L.. "Thyrotoxicosis induced by choriocarcinoma a report of two cases.". Ir Med J 86 (4): 124, 127. PMID 8395487.
- ↑ Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (7th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 1110-1111. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1.
- ↑ URL: http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=4&Case=36. Accessed on: 8 February 2011.
- ↑ Venkatram, S.; Muppuri, S.; Niazi, M.; Fuentes, GD. (Jul 2010). "A 24-year-old pregnant patient with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.". Chest 138 (1): 220-3. doi:10.1378/chest.09-2688. PMID 20605823.
- ↑ Ulbright TM, Tickoo SK, Berney DM, Srigley JR (August 2014). "Best practices recommendations in the application of immunohistochemistry in testicular tumors: report from the international society of urological pathology consensus conference". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 38 (8): e50–9. doi:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000233. PMID 24832161.
- ↑ Mao, TL.; Kurman, RJ.; Huang, CC.; Lin, MC.; Shih, IeM. (Nov 2007). "Immunohistochemistry of choriocarcinoma: an aid in differential diagnosis and in elucidating pathogenesis.". Am J Surg Pathol 31 (11): 1726-32. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e318058a529. PMID 18059230.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Cole, LA. (2010). "Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules.". Reprod Biol Endocrinol 8: 102. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-8-102. PMC 2936313. PMID 20735820. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2936313/.
- ↑ Kovalevskaya, G.; Genbacev, O.; Fisher, SJ.; Caceres, E.; O'Connor, JF. (Aug 2002). "Trophoblast origin of hCG isoforms: cytotrophoblasts are the primary source of choriocarcinoma-like hCG.". Mol Cell Endocrinol 194 (1-2): 147-55. PMID 12242037.