Difference between revisions of "Cardiac arrhythmias"
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'''Cardiac arrhythmias''' are a [[mechanism of death|mechanism]] associated with [[sudden natural death]]. | '''Cardiac arrhythmias''', especially ventricular ones, are a [[mechanism of death|mechanism]] associated with [[sudden natural death]]. | ||
==Associations== | ==General== | ||
===Associations=== | |||
*[[Myocardial infarction]].<ref name=Ref_PCPBoD8_293>{{Ref PCPBoD8|293}}</ref> | |||
*[[Hypertensive heart disease]].<ref name=pmid15860963>{{cite journal |author=Prisant LM |title=Hypertensive heart disease |journal=J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=231–8 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15860963 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Hypertensive heart disease]].<ref name=pmid15860963>{{cite journal |author=Prisant LM |title=Hypertensive heart disease |journal=J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=231–8 |year=2005 |month=April |pmid=15860963 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
*[[Commotio cordis]]. | |||
*[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]]. | |||
====Non-cardiac==== | |||
*[[Electrocution]]. | *[[Electrocution]]. | ||
*Hyperthermia. | *Hyperthermia. | ||
====Tumour==== | |||
*[[Cystic tumour of the atrioventricular nodal region]]. | |||
==Microscopic== | |||
Features - associated with ventricular fibrillation:<ref name=pmid15837088>{{Cite journal | last1 = Baroldi | first1 = G. | last2 = Silver | first2 = MD. | last3 = Parolini | first3 = M. | last4 = Pomara | first4 = C. | last5 = Turillazzi | first5 = E. | last6 = Fineschi | first6 = V. | title = Myofiberbreak-up: a marker of ventricular fibrillation in sudden cardiac death. | journal = Int J Cardiol | volume = 100 | issue = 3 | pages = 435-41 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.10.007 | PMID = 15837088 }}</ref> | |||
*Myofiberbreak-up (MFB) - '''key feature'''. | |||
**Fractures of the myofibres perpendicular to the long axis. | |||
**Associated with square nuclei. | |||
Notes: | |||
*In cases with malignant arrhythmias, as shown by cardiac monitor at the time of death, MFB is seen in multiple sections.<ref name=pmid15837088/> | |||
*MFB may be seen in noncardiac deaths.<ref name=pmid15837088/> | |||
<!-- MFB seems to be predominantly mid-myocardial/epicardial, with relative sparing of the subendocardium.{{fact}} --> | |||
===Images=== | |||
<gallery> | |||
Image: Cardiac myofiberbreak-up -- intermed mag.jpg | MFB - intermed. mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Cardiac myofiberbreak-up -- high mag.jpg | MFB - high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Cardiac myofiberbreak-up -- very high mag.jpg | MFB - very high mag. (WC) | |||
Image: Cardiac myofiberbreak-up -- alt - very high mag.jpg | MFB - very high mag. (WC) | |||
</gallery> | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist| | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Autopsy]] | [[Category:Autopsy]] | ||
[[Category:Forensic pathology]] | [[Category:Forensic pathology]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:12, 19 February 2015
Cardiac arrhythmias, especially ventricular ones, are a mechanism associated with sudden natural death.
General
Associations
- Myocardial infarction.[1]
- Hypertensive heart disease.[2]
- Commotio cordis.
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy.
Non-cardiac
- Electrocution.
- Hyperthermia.
Tumour
Microscopic
Features - associated with ventricular fibrillation:[3]
- Myofiberbreak-up (MFB) - key feature.
- Fractures of the myofibres perpendicular to the long axis.
- Associated with square nuclei.
Notes:
- In cases with malignant arrhythmias, as shown by cardiac monitor at the time of death, MFB is seen in multiple sections.[3]
- MFB may be seen in noncardiac deaths.[3]
Images
MFB - intermed. mag. (WC)
MFB - high mag. (WC)
MFB - very high mag. (WC)
MFB - very high mag. (WC)
References
- ↑ Mitchell, Richard; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon (2011). Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders. pp. 293. ISBN 978-1416054542.
- ↑ Prisant LM (April 2005). "Hypertensive heart disease". J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 7 (4): 231–8. PMID 15860963.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Baroldi, G.; Silver, MD.; Parolini, M.; Pomara, C.; Turillazzi, E.; Fineschi, V. (Apr 2005). "Myofiberbreak-up: a marker of ventricular fibrillation in sudden cardiac death.". Int J Cardiol 100 (3): 435-41. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.10.007. PMID 15837088.