Difference between revisions of "Nephrolithiasis"

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===Images===
===Images===
*[http://www.escardio.org/SiteCollectionImages/Working-Groups/myocardial-pericardial/Dec2009-answer-case.jpg calcium oxalate crystals (escardio.org)].<ref>URL: [http://www.escardio.org/communities/Working-Groups/cmp/education/case/Pages/bright-myocardium.aspx http://www.escardio.org/communities/Working-Groups/cmp/education/case/Pages/bright-myocardium.aspx]. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.</ref>
*[http://www.kidneypathology.com/Imagenes/Diabetes/Oxalato.4.w.jpg Oxalate crystals (kidneypathology.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html]. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.</ref>
*[http://www.kidneypathology.com/Imagenes/Diabetes/Oxalato.4.w.jpg Oxalate crystals (kidneypathology.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html]. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.</ref>


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<pre>
<pre>
URINARY BLADDER (QUERY STONE), BIOPSY:
URINARY BLADDER (QUERY STONE), BIOPSY:
- TRANSLUCENT CRYSTALS THAT ARE LIGHT BLUE WITH POLARIZED LIGHT, CALCIFICATIONS
- TRANSLUCENT CRYSTALS THAT ARE WHITE/LIGHT BLUE WITH POLARIZED LIGHT, CALCIFICATIONS
   (CONSISTENT WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE) AND ABUNDANT COCCI MICROORGANISMS, SEE COMMENT.
   (CONSISTENT WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE) AND ABUNDANT COCCI MICROORGANISMS, SEE COMMENT.
- NO DEFINITE UROTHELIAL MUCOSA IDENTIFIED.
- NO DEFINITE UROTHELIAL MUCOSA IDENTIFIED.
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COMMENT:
COMMENT:
The findings are compatible with a bladder stone.
The findings are compatible with a bladder stone.
</pre>
<pre>
Submitted as "Bladder Stone", Removal:
- Consistent with urinary bladder stone (gross only).
</pre>
</pre>


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*[[Ureter]].
*[[Ureter]].
*[[Crystals in fluids]].
*[[Crystals in fluids]].
*[[Cystinosis]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:02, 31 December 2018

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, are solids that form in the kidney. They can be found anywhere in the genitourinary tract. Bladder stones redirects here.

Classic types

  • Calcium oxalate - most common.[1]
  • Uric acid.
  • Struvite.
  • Cystine.

Notes:

  • Memory devices:
    • Diamonds are see-through; ergo, uric acid stones not seen on KUB.
    • Calcium oxalate = envelope, uric acid = diamond.
  • Uric acid crystals: usually dissolve in formalin... but do not dissolve in alcohol.[2]
  • Calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the context of ethylene glycol poisoning.[3]

Images

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Compatible with bladder stone

URINARY BLADDER (QUERY STONE), BIOPSY:
- TRANSLUCENT CRYSTALS THAT ARE WHITE/LIGHT BLUE WITH POLARIZED LIGHT, CALCIFICATIONS
  (CONSISTENT WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE) AND ABUNDANT COCCI MICROORGANISMS, SEE COMMENT.
- NO DEFINITE UROTHELIAL MUCOSA IDENTIFIED.
- NO EVIDENCE OF MALIGNANCY.

COMMENT:
The findings are compatible with a bladder stone.

Submitted as "Bladder Stone", Removal:
- Consistent with urinary bladder stone (gross only).

See also

References

  1. ↑ López, M.; Hoppe, B. (Jan 2010). "History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis.". Pediatr Nephrol 25 (1): 49-59. doi:10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5. PMID 21476230.
  2. ↑ Geddie, W. 8 January 2010.
  3. ↑ Saukko, Pekka; Knight, Bernard (2004). Knight's Forensic Pathology (3rd ed.). A Hodder Arnold Publication. pp. 589. ISBN 978-0340760444.
  4. ↑ URL: http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.
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