Difference between revisions of "Chondroma"

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#redirect [[Chondro-osseous_tumours#Chondroma]]
{{ Infobox diagnosis
| Name      = {{PAGENAME}}
| Image      = Enchondroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg
| Width      =
| Caption    = Enchondroma. [[H&E stain]].
| Synonyms  =
| Micro      = cytologically benign cells is spaced nests, should ''not'' extend into surrounding soft tissue
| Subtypes  =
| LMDDx      = low-grade [[chondrosarcoma]]
| Stains    =
| IHC        =
| EM        =
| Molecular  =
| IF        =
| Gross      =
| Grossing  =
| Site      = [[cartilage]] - see [[chondro-osseous tumours]]
| Assdx      =
| Syndromes  = Ollier disease, Maffucci syndrome, metachondromatosis
| Clinicalhx =
| Signs      =
| Symptoms  =
| Prevalence =
| Bloodwork  =
| Rads      =
| Endoscopy  =
| Prognosis  = benign
| Other      =
| ClinDDx    =
| Tx        =
}}
'''Chondroma''' is a benign tumour of [[cartilage]]. It is in the [[chondro-osseous tumours]] group of [[soft tissue tumours]].
 
==General==
*Benign thingy.
*Usual legs and feet.
*May be difficult to separate from [[chondrosarcoma]].
*Multiple chondromas = ''enchondromatosis''; three distinct syndromes:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref>
**Ollier disease.
**[[Maffucci syndrome]] - with [[hemangioma]]s, increased risk of [[chondrosarcoma]].<ref name=omim166000>{{OMIM|166000}}</ref>
**Metachondromatosis - autosomal dominant.
*''Enchondroma'' = chondroma in the marrow space.
 
Clinical:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref>
*Pain.
 
==Radiology==
Features:<ref name=emed_enchondroma>URL: [http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview]. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.</ref>
*Lytic lesion.
*Usual close to a growth plate.
 
Important suspicious findings that favour malignant:<ref name=pmid23041161>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Choi | first1 = BB. | last2 = Jee | first2 = WH. | last3 = Sunwoo | first3 = HJ. | last4 = Cho | first4 = JH. | last5 = Kim | first5 = JY. | last6 = Chun | first6 = KA. | last7 = Hong | first7 = SJ. | last8 = Chung | first8 = HW. | last9 = Sung | first9 = MS. | title = MR differentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma. | journal = Clin Imaging | volume = 37 | issue = 3 | pages = 542-7 | month =  | year =  | doi = 10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.08.006 | PMID = 23041161 }}</ref>
*Cortical destruction.
*Soft tissue component.
 
Note:
*High-grade chondroid lesions (high-grade chondrosarcoma) can usually be separated radiologically from low-grade ones.<ref name=pmid22696998>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Berber | first1 = O. | last2 = Datta | first2 = G. | last3 = Sabharwal | first3 = S. | last4 = Aston | first4 = W. | last5 = Saifuddin | first5 = A. | last6 = Briggs | first6 = T. | title = The safety of direct primary excision of low-grade chondral lesions based on radiological diagnosis alone. | journal = Acta Orthop Belg | volume = 78 | issue = 2 | pages = 254-62 | month = Apr | year = 2012 | doi =  | PMID = 22696998 }}</ref>
 
==Microscopic==
Features:
*Cytologically benign cells is spaced nests.
*Should ''not'' extending into surrounding soft tissue.
 
DDx:
*Low-grade [[chondrosarcoma]] - should be considered, correlation with radiology essential.
 
===Images===
<gallery>
Image:Enchondroma_-_intermed_mag.jpg | Enchondroma - intermed mag. (WC)
Image:Enchondroma_-_very_high_mag.jpg | Enchondroma - very high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
 
==Sign out==
<pre>
TISSUE ("CHONDROMA"), LEFT COSTAL MARGIN, EXCISION:
- CHONDROMA.
</pre>
 
===Micro===
The sections show spaced small cells in a pale matrix with a light-blue tinge. No nuclear atypia is appreciated. No mitotic activity is apparent. Degenerative changes are seen focally.
 
A small focus of cholesterol clefts with giant cells is present. Benign bone, bone marrow and skeletal muscle are present.
 
==See also==
*[[Chondro-osseous tumours]].
 
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}


[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Diagnosis]]
[[Category:Chondro-osseous tumours]]

Latest revision as of 21:16, 16 May 2022

Chondroma
Diagnosis in short

Enchondroma. H&E stain.
LM cytologically benign cells is spaced nests, should not extend into surrounding soft tissue
LM DDx low-grade chondrosarcoma
Site cartilage - see chondro-osseous tumours
Syndromes Ollier disease, Maffucci syndrome, metachondromatosis
Prognosis benign

Chondroma is a benign tumour of cartilage. It is in the chondro-osseous tumours group of soft tissue tumours.

General

  • Benign thingy.
  • Usual legs and feet.
  • May be difficult to separate from chondrosarcoma.
  • Multiple chondromas = enchondromatosis; three distinct syndromes:[1]
  • Enchondroma = chondroma in the marrow space.

Clinical:[1]

  • Pain.

Radiology

Features:[1]

  • Lytic lesion.
  • Usual close to a growth plate.

Important suspicious findings that favour malignant:[3]

  • Cortical destruction.
  • Soft tissue component.

Note:

  • High-grade chondroid lesions (high-grade chondrosarcoma) can usually be separated radiologically from low-grade ones.[4]

Microscopic

Features:

  • Cytologically benign cells is spaced nests.
  • Should not extending into surrounding soft tissue.

DDx:

  • Low-grade chondrosarcoma - should be considered, correlation with radiology essential.

Images

  • Enchondroma - intermed mag. (WC)

  • Enchondroma - very high mag. (WC)

Sign out

TISSUE ("CHONDROMA"), LEFT COSTAL MARGIN, EXCISION:
- CHONDROMA.

Micro

The sections show spaced small cells in a pale matrix with a light-blue tinge. No nuclear atypia is appreciated. No mitotic activity is apparent. Degenerative changes are seen focally.

A small focus of cholesterol clefts with giant cells is present. Benign bone, bone marrow and skeletal muscle are present.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/389224-overview. Accessed on: 25 December 2010.
  2. ↑ Online 'Mendelian Inheritance in Man' (OMIM) 166000
  3. ↑ Choi, BB.; Jee, WH.; Sunwoo, HJ.; Cho, JH.; Kim, JY.; Chun, KA.; Hong, SJ.; Chung, HW. et al. "MR differentiation of low-grade chondrosarcoma from enchondroma.". Clin Imaging 37 (3): 542-7. doi:10.1016/j.clinimag.2012.08.006. PMID 23041161.
  4. ↑ Berber, O.; Datta, G.; Sabharwal, S.; Aston, W.; Saifuddin, A.; Briggs, T. (Apr 2012). "The safety of direct primary excision of low-grade chondral lesions based on radiological diagnosis alone.". Acta Orthop Belg 78 (2): 254-62. PMID 22696998.
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