Difference between revisions of "Short power list"

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The '''short power list''' is a short [[differential diagnosis]] for the most common specimens.
The '''short power list''' is a short [[differential diagnosis]] for the most common specimens.  This list is written for junior residents and should serve as a starting point if one has no clue about the [[differential diagnosis]] for the site.  It assumes the specimen comes from an adult. There is an expanded ''[[long power list]]''.
 
=Bone=
==General==
Benign:
*[[Aneurysmal bone cyst]].
*[[Osteoid osteoma]].
 
Malignant:
*Metastatic carcinoma.
*[[Plasma cell neoplasm]].
*[[Osteosarcoma]].
*[[Ewing sarcoma]].
 
==Femoral head==
Benign:
*[[Osteoarthritis]].
*[[Avascular necrosis of the femoral head]].
*[[Rheumatoid arthritis]].
 
Uncommon - benign (fracture):
*Trauma.
*[[Osteoporosis]].
 
Uncommon - benign pediatric:
*[[Slipped capital femoral epiphysis]] (SCFE).
*[[Legg–Calvé–Perthes syndrome]].
 
Uncommon - malignant (fracture):
*[[Pathologic fracture|Metastasis]].


=Breast pathology=
=Breast pathology=
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*Normal.
**[[Lactational change]].
*[[Fibrocystic change]].
*[[Fibroadenoma]].
*[[Fibroadenoma]].
*[[Fibrocystic change]].
*[[Columnar cell change]].
*[[Columnar cell change]].
*[[Sclerosing adenosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
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*[[LCIS]].
*[[LCIS]].
*[[Ductal carcinoma]].
*[[Ductal carcinoma]].
*Lobular carcinoma.
*[[Invasive lobular carcinoma]].
*Tubular carcinoma.
*[[Tubular carcinoma of the breast]].


Uncommon benign/malignant:
Uncommon benign/malignant:
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=Cardiovascular pathology=
=Cardiovascular pathology=
==General==
==General==
*Thrombosis (embolism).
*[[Thrombosis]] (embolism).
*[[Vasculitis]].
*[[Vasculitis]].


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==Aorta==
==Aorta==
*[[Atherosclerosis]].
*[[Atherosclerosis]].
Uncommmon:
*[[Cystic medial degeneration]].
*[[Cystic medial degeneration]].


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Uncommon:
Uncommon:
*Endocarditis.
*[[Infective endocarditis]].
*[[Myxomatous degeneration]].
*[[Myxomatous degeneration]].
*[[Papillary fibroelastoma]].
*[[Papillary fibroelastoma]].
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Uncommon:
Uncommon:
*[[Myxomatous degeneration]].
*[[Myxomatous degeneration]].
*[[Infective endocarditis]].


==Heart==
==Heart==
*[[Myocardial infarction]].
*[[Atrial myxoma]].
*[[Atrial myxoma]].


Uncommon:
Uncommon - benign:
*Lipoma.
*Lipoma.
*[[Rhabdomyoma]].
*[[Rhabdomyoma]].
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]].
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]].
*[[Angiosarcoma]].
=Dermatopathology=
Benign - non-melanocytic:
*[[Epidermal inclusion cyst]].
*[[Lipoma]].
*[[Dermatofibroma]].
*[[Dermal scar]].


=Gastrointestinal pathology=
Benign melanocytic lesions:
==Appendix==
*[[Intradermal nevus]].
Benign:
*[[Junctional nevus]].
*[[Appendicitis]].
*[[Congenital nevus]].
*Periappendicitis.
*[[Clark nevus]].
*[[Crohn's disease]].
*[[Spitz nevus]].
*Normal.


Neoplasm/malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*[[BCC]].
*Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN).
*[[SCC]].
*Mucinous adenocarcinoma.
*[[Malignant melanoma]].
*[[DFSP]].


==Gallbladder==
=Endocrine pathology=
==Thyroid gland==
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Cholelithiasis]].
*[[Thyroid gland nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Cholesterolosis]].
*[[Lymphocytic thyroiditis]].
*[[Acute cholecystitis]].
*[[Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features]] (NIFTP).
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]].


Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Malignant:
*Intestinal metaplasia.
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]] (NOS).
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma.
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma columnar cell variant]].
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma tall cell variant]].
*[[Medullary thyroid carcinoma]].
*[[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma]].
 
==Adrenal gland==
Benign:
*[[Adrenal cortical adenoma]].
 
Malignant:
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]].
*[[Pheochromocytoma]].


=Gastrointestinal pathology=
==Gastrointestinal polyp==
==Gastrointestinal polyp==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*Normal.
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]].
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]].
*Inflammatory pseudopolyp (inflammatory bowel disease).
*[[Inflammatory pseudopolyp]] ([[inflammatory bowel disease]]).


Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*[[Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
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Uncommon - pre-malignant:
Uncommon - pre-malignant:
*[[Traditional serrated adenoma]].
*[[Traditional serrated adenoma]].
==Esophagus==
Benign:
*[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]].
*[[Eosinophilic esophagitis]].
*[[Barrett esophagus]].
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Herpes esophagitis]].
Malignant:
*Squamous cell carcinoma.
*[[Esophageal adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]].


==Stomach==
==Stomach==
Benign:
Benign:
*Helicobacter pylori gastritis.
*[[Helicobacter pylori gastritis]].
*Intestinal metaplasia.
*[[Gastric intestinal metaplasia|Intestinal metaplasia]].
*Chronic inflammation.
*[[Chronic gastritis]].
*Acute inflammation.
*[[Acute gastritis]].


Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*Dysplasia.
*[[Gastric dysplasia]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type.
*Adenocarcinoma, intestinal type.
*Signet-ring cell carcinoma.
*[[Signet-ring cell carcinoma]].
*[[GIST]].
*[[GIST]].
*[[MALT lymphoma]].


==Duodenum==
==Duodenum==
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Pre-malignant:
Pre-malignant:
*Tubular adenoma.
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
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*[[Giardiasis]].
*[[Giardiasis]].
*[[Whipple disease]].
*[[Whipple disease]].
*MAI infection.
*[[MAI]] infection.
 
==Colon/rectum==
Benign:
*Normal.
*Colitis. e.g. [[IBD]].
*[[Hyperplastic polyp]].
*[[Tubular adenoma of the gastrointestinal tract|Tubular adenoma]].
*[[Tubulovillous adenoma]].
*[[Villous adenoma]].
*[[Sessile serrated adenoma]].
 
Benign - uncommon infectious:
*[[Pseudomembranous colitis]].
 
Benign - uncommon:
*[[Lymphocytic colitis]].
*[[Collagenous colitis]].
*[[Inflammatory polyp]].
*[[Juvenile polyp]].
*[[Peutz-Jeghers polyp]].
 
Tumour:
*[[Gastrointestinal stromal tumour]].
*[[Schwannoma]].
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
 
Malignant:
*[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]].
 
===Appendix===
Benign:
*[[Appendicitis]].
*[[Periappendicitis]].
*[[Crohn's disease]].
*[[Negative appendectomy|Normal]].
 
Neoplasm:
*[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
*Low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN).
 
Malignant:
*Mucinous adenocarcinoma.


==Liver==
==Liver==
Benign:
Benign:
*Steatosis.
*[[Steatosis]].
*Steatohepatitis.
*[[Steatohepatitis]].
*Hepatitis B.
*[[Hepatitis B]].
*Hepatitis C.
*[[Hepatitis C]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
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*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]].
*[[Autoimmune hepatitis]].
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]].
*[[Primary sclerosing cholangitis]], esp. in the context of [[UC]].
*[[Primary biliary cirrhosis]].
*[[Primary biliary cholangitis]].
*[[Wilson's disease]].
*[[Hereditary hemochromatosis]].
*[[Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency]].


Uncommon malignant:
Uncommon malignant:
*Cholangiocarcinoma.
*[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
 
==Gallbladder==
Benign:
*[[Cholelithiasis]].
*[[Cholesterolosis]].
*[[Acute cholecystitis]].
*[[Chronic cholecystitis]].
 
Uncommon - risk for dysplasia:
*[[Intestinal metaplasia of the gallbladder|Intestinal metaplasia]].
 
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Gallbladder adenocarcinoma|Adenocarcinoma]].


=Genitourinary pathology=
=Genitourinary pathology=
==Tumour kidney==
==Tumour kidney==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*[[Normal kidney]].
*[[Renal oncocytoma]].
*[[Renal oncocytoma]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].
*[[Angiomyolipoma]].
*Papillary adenoma.
*[[Renal papillary adenoma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
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*[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]].
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].


Uncommon - benign:
Uncommon - benign:
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==Prostate gland==
==Prostate gland==
Benign:
Benign:
*Normal.
*[[Normal prostate gland|Normal]].
*Chronic inflammation.
*Chronic inflammation.
*Acute inflammation.
*Acute inflammation.
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostectomy diagnosis only).
*[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]] (prostatectomy diagnosis only).
 
Pre-malignant:
*[[High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Acinar adenocarcinoma.
*[[Prostate carcinoma|Acinar adenocarcinoma]].


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Ductal adenocarcinoma.
*[[Ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate|Ductal adenocarcinoma]].
*Urothelial carcinoma.
*[[Urothelial carcinoma]].
*[[Foamy gland carcinoma]] - mimics benign prostate.
*[[Pseudohyperplastic adenocarcinoma]] - mimics benign prostate.
*[[PIN-like prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma]] - mimics HGPIN.


==Urinary bladder==
==Urinary bladder==
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]].
*[[Inverted urothelial papilloma]].
*Cystitis cystica.
*[[Cystitis cystica]].


Pre-malignant/malignant:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
*Urothelial dysplasia.
*Urothelial dysplasia.
*Papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade.
*[[Low grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]].
*Papillary urothelial carcinoma, high grade.
*[[High grade papillary urothelial carcinoma]].
*Flat urothelial carcinoma.
*Flat urothelial carcinoma.


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*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]].
*[[Nephrogenic adenoma]].


=Thyroid gland=
==Testis==
Benign:
*[[Germ cell neoplasia in situ]] (intratubular germ cell neoplasia).
*[[Nodular hyperplasia]].
*[[Seminoma]].
*Lymphocytic thyroiditis.
*[[Embryonal carcinoma]].
 
*[[Yolk sac tumour]].
Malignant:
*[[Teratoma]].
*[[Papillary thyroid carcinoma]].
*[[Mixed germ cell tumour]].
*[[Leydig cell tumour]].
*[[Sertoli cell tumour]].


=Gynecologic pathology=
=Gynecologic pathology=
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*[[Adenomyosis]].
*[[Adenomyosis]].
*Atrophy.
*Atrophy.
*Prolapse.
*[[Uterine prolapse]].
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]].
*[[Proliferative phase endometrium]].
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]].
*[[Secretory phase endometrium]].
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Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]].
*[[Endometrial carcinoma]].
**Endometrioid.
**[[Endometrioid endometrial carcinoma|Endometrioid]].
**Mucinous.
**[[Mucinous endometrial carcinoma|Mucinous]].
**Serous.
**[[Serous endometrial carcinoma|Serous]].
 
Uncommon - benign:
*Decidua (change of [[pregnancy]]).


Uncommon - malignant:
Uncommon - malignant:
*Clear cell carcinoma.
*[[Clear cell carcinoma]].
*[[Uterine carcinocarcinoma|Carcinosarcoma]].
*[[Uterine carcinosarcoma|Carcinosarcoma]].


==Cervix - cytology==
==Cervix - cytology==
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Pre-malignant/malignant:
Pre-malignant/malignant:
*LSIL.
*[[LSIL]].
*HSIL.
*[[HSIL]].
*Squamous cell carcinoma.
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*Adenocarcinoma.
*Adenocarcinoma.


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==Ovary==
==Ovary==
Benign:
Benign:
*Serous cystadenoma.
*[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary|Serous cystadenoma]].
*Mucinous cystadenoma.
*[[Mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary|Mucinous cystadenoma]].
*Mature teratoma.
*[[Mature teratoma]].
*[[Endometriosis]].
*[[Endometriosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Serous carcinoma.
*[[Serous carcinoma of the ovary|Serous carcinoma]].
*Endometrioid carcinoma.
*[[Endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary|Endometrioid carcinoma]].
*Mucinous carcinoma.
*[[Ovarian mucinous carcinoma|Mucinous carcinoma]].
 
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Dysgerminoma]].
 
==Fallopian tube==
Benign:
*[[Paratubal cyst]].
*Tubo-ovarian abscess.
*[[Salpingitis]].
*[[Ectopic pregnancy]].
*[[Adenomatoid tumour]].
 
Pre-malignant:
*[[Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma]] (STIC).
 
Malignant:
*[[Serous carcinoma]].
 
Uncommon - benign:
*[[Salpingitis isthmica nodosa]].
 
=Head and neck=
==General==
Benign:
*[[Sinonasal papilloma]].
*[[Vocal cord nodule]].
 
Malignant:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
*[[HPV-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck]].
 
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Paraganglioma]] (carotid body tumour).
 
==Salivary gland==
Benign:
*[[Pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Warthin tumour]].
 
Malignant:
*[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]].
*[[Adenoid cystic carcinoma]].
 
Uncommon benign:
*[[Benign lymphoepithelial cyst]].
*[[Basal cell adenoma]].
*[[Canalicular adenoma]].
*[[Oncocytoma]].
 
Uncommon malignant:
*[[Acinic cell carcinoma]].
*[[Polymorphous adenocarcinoma]] - previously known as ''polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma''.
*[[Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma]].
*[[Salivary duct carcinoma]].
*[[Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma]].


=Lymph node=
=Lymph node=
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*Normal/resting.
*Normal/resting.
*Follicular hyperplasia.
*Follicular hyperplasia.
*[[Lymph node hyalinization]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*Metastasis, esp. carcinoma.
*[[Lymph node metastasis]], esp. carcinoma.
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukemia]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
*[[Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[Mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma]].
*[[MALT lymphoma]].


=Head and neck=
=Pulmonary pathology=
Benign:
*Normal.
 
Malignant:
*[[Adenocarcinoma]].
*[[Squamous carcinoma]].
*[[Small cell carcinoma]].
 
Uncommon - benign:
*[[Tuberculosis]].
*[[Sarcoidosis]].
*[[Usual interstitial pneumonia]].
*[[Solitary fibrous tumour]] - esp. pleural.
 
Uncommon - malignant:
*[[Mesothelioma]].
 
=Soft tissue=
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Sinonasal papilloma]].
*[[Lipoma]].
*[[Vocal cord nodule]].
*[[Hemangioma]].
*[[Neurofibroma]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
*[[Liposarcoma]].
*[[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma]].
*[[Pleomorphic undifferentiated sarcoma]].
*[[Chondrosarcoma]].


=Adrenal gland=
=Spleen=
Benign:
Benign:
*[[Adrenal cortical adenoma]].
*Trauma.
**[[Splenic laceration]].
*Normal.
*Enlargement due to [[cirrhosis]].


Malignant:
Malignant:
*[[Adrenal cortical carcinoma]].
*[[Diffuse large B cell lymphoma]].
*[[Pheochromocytoma]].
*[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]].
*[[Follicular lymphoma]].
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]].
 
=Placenta=
*Normal.
*[[Chorioamnionitis]].
**[[Funisitis]].
*[[Meconium]].
*[[Placentomegaly]].
*[[Placental infarction]].
 
Less common:
*[[TORCH infections]].
*[[Chorangioma]].
*[[Chorangiosis]].
*[[Villitis of unknown etiology]].
 
=Brain=
*Normal
*[[Neuropathology#Reactive_change_vs._malignancy|Reactive changes]].
*[[Multiple sclerosis]].
*[[Neuropathology#Encephalitis|Encephalitis]].
*[[Neurodegenerative_diseases|Neurodegeneration]].
*[[Neuropathology_tumours|Neoplastic]].
 


=See also=
=See also=
*[[Diagnosis]].
*[[Diagnosis]].
*[[Long power list]].


[[Category:Basics]]
[[Category:Basics]]

Latest revision as of 20:58, 30 September 2021

The short power list is a short differential diagnosis for the most common specimens. This list is written for junior residents and should serve as a starting point if one has no clue about the differential diagnosis for the site. It assumes the specimen comes from an adult. There is an expanded long power list.

Bone

General

Benign:

Malignant:

Femoral head

Benign:

Uncommon - benign (fracture):

Uncommon - benign pediatric:

Uncommon - malignant (fracture):

Breast pathology

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign/malignant:

Cardiovascular pathology

General

Uncommon:

Aorta

Uncommmon:

Aortic valve

Uncommon:

Mitral valve

Uncommon:

Heart

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Dermatopathology

Benign - non-melanocytic:

Benign melanocytic lesions:

Malignant:

Endocrine pathology

Thyroid gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Adrenal gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Gastrointestinal pathology

Gastrointestinal polyp

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Uncommon - pre-malignant:

Esophagus

Benign:

Benign - uncommon:

Malignant:

Stomach

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Duodenum

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

  • Adenocarcinoma.

Uncommon benign:

Colon/rectum

Benign:

Benign - uncommon infectious:

Benign - uncommon:

Tumour:

Malignant:

Appendix

Benign:

Neoplasm:

Malignant:

  • Mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Liver

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Uncommon malignant:

Gallbladder

Benign:

Uncommon - risk for dysplasia:

Uncommon - malignant:

Genitourinary pathology

Tumour kidney

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Medical kidney

Prostate gland

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Urinary bladder

Benign:

Pre-malignant/malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Testis

Gynecologic pathology

Uterus

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Cervix - cytology

Benign:

  • Normal.
  • Candida.
  • Endometrial cells.
  • Atrophy.

Pre-malignant/malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

  • HSV changes.
  • Trichomonas.

Ovary

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Fallopian tube

Benign:

Pre-malignant:

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Head and neck

General

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon - malignant:

Salivary gland

Benign:

Malignant:

Uncommon benign:

Uncommon malignant:

Lymph node

Benign:

Malignant:

Pulmonary pathology

Benign:

  • Normal.

Malignant:

Uncommon - benign:

Uncommon - malignant:

Soft tissue

Benign:

Malignant:

Spleen

Benign:

Malignant:

Placenta

Less common:

Brain


See also