Difference between revisions of "Nephrolithiasis"

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'''Nephrolithiasis''', commonly known as '''kidney stones''', are solids that form in the kidney are found in the genitourinary tract.
'''Nephrolithiasis''', commonly known as '''kidney stones''', are solids that form in the kidney.  They can be found anywhere in the genitourinary tract. '''Bladder stones''' redirects here.


The classic types:
==Classic types==
*Calcium oxalate - most common.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = López | first1 = M. | last2 = Hoppe | first2 = B. | title = History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 49-59 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5 | PMID = 21476230 }}</ref>
*Calcium oxalate - most common.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = López | first1 = M. | last2 = Hoppe | first2 = B. | title = History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis. | journal = Pediatr Nephrol | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 49-59 | month = Jan | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5 | PMID = 21476230 }}</ref>
*Uric acid.  
*Uric acid.  
*Struvite.
*Struvite.
*Cystine.
*Cystine.
Notes:
*Memory devices:
**''Diamonds'' are see-through; ergo, uric acid stones not seen on KUB.
**Calcium oxalat'''e''' = '''e'''nvelope, uric aci'''d''' = '''d'''iamond.
*Uric acid crystals: usually dissolve in [[formalin]]... but do not dissolve in alcohol.<ref>Geddie, W. 8 January 2010.</ref>
*Calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the context of [[ethylene glycol]] poisoning.<ref name=Ref_KFP589>{{Ref KFP|589}}</ref>
===Images===
*[http://www.kidneypathology.com/Imagenes/Diabetes/Oxalato.4.w.jpg Oxalate crystals (kidneypathology.com)].<ref>URL: [http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html]. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.</ref>
==Sign out==
===Compatible with bladder stone===
<pre>
URINARY BLADDER (QUERY STONE), BIOPSY:
- TRANSLUCENT CRYSTALS THAT ARE WHITE/LIGHT BLUE WITH POLARIZED LIGHT, CALCIFICATIONS
  (CONSISTENT WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE) AND ABUNDANT COCCI MICROORGANISMS, SEE COMMENT.
- NO DEFINITE UROTHELIAL MUCOSA IDENTIFIED.
- NO EVIDENCE OF MALIGNANCY.
COMMENT:
The findings are compatible with a bladder stone.
</pre>
<pre>
Submitted as "Bladder Stone", Removal:
- Consistent with urinary bladder stone (gross only).
</pre>
==See also==
*[[Parathyroid gland]].
*[[Ureter]].
*[[Crystals in fluids]].
*[[Cystinosis]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 16:02, 31 December 2018

Nephrolithiasis, commonly known as kidney stones, are solids that form in the kidney. They can be found anywhere in the genitourinary tract. Bladder stones redirects here.

Classic types

  • Calcium oxalate - most common.[1]
  • Uric acid.
  • Struvite.
  • Cystine.

Notes:

  • Memory devices:
    • Diamonds are see-through; ergo, uric acid stones not seen on KUB.
    • Calcium oxalate = envelope, uric acid = diamond.
  • Uric acid crystals: usually dissolve in formalin... but do not dissolve in alcohol.[2]
  • Calcium oxalate crystals are seen in the context of ethylene glycol poisoning.[3]

Images

Sign out

Compatible with bladder stone

URINARY BLADDER (QUERY STONE), BIOPSY:
- TRANSLUCENT CRYSTALS THAT ARE WHITE/LIGHT BLUE WITH POLARIZED LIGHT, CALCIFICATIONS
  (CONSISTENT WITH CALCIUM PHOSPHATE) AND ABUNDANT COCCI MICROORGANISMS, SEE COMMENT.
- NO DEFINITE UROTHELIAL MUCOSA IDENTIFIED.
- NO EVIDENCE OF MALIGNANCY.

COMMENT:
The findings are compatible with a bladder stone.
Submitted as "Bladder Stone", Removal:
- Consistent with urinary bladder stone (gross only).

See also

References

  1. López, M.; Hoppe, B. (Jan 2010). "History, epidemiology and regional diversities of urolithiasis.". Pediatr Nephrol 25 (1): 49-59. doi:10.1007/s00467-008-0960-5. PMID 21476230.
  2. Geddie, W. 8 January 2010.
  3. Saukko, Pekka; Knight, Bernard (2004). Knight's Forensic Pathology (3rd ed.). A Hodder Arnold Publication. pp. 589. ISBN 978-0340760444.
  4. URL: http://www.kidneypathology.com/English_version/Diabetes_and_others.html. Accessed on: 21 March 2014.