Difference between revisions of "Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy"

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'''Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy''', abbreviated '''FTV''', is characterized by thrombi in the fetus.  In the context of a [[placenta]], it is thrombi in the fetal [[blood vessel]]s of the placenta.  
'''Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy''', abbreviated '''FTV''', is characterized by thrombi in the fetus.  In the context of a [[placenta]], it is thrombi in the fetal [[blood vessel]]s of the placenta.  


A large number of terms are used for this including:<ref name=pmid19237859>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Marchetti | first1 = D. | last2 = Belviso | first2 = M. | last3 = Fulcheri | first3 = E. | title = A case of stillbirth: the importance of placental investigation in medico-legal practice. | journal = Am J Forensic Med Pathol | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = 64-8 | month = Mar | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318187387e | PMID = 19237859 }}</ref> '''fibrinous vasculosis''', '''fibromuscular sclerosis''' and '''Fetal artery stem thrombosis'''.
A large number of terms are used for this including:<ref name=pmid19237859>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Marchetti | first1 = D. | last2 = Belviso | first2 = M. | last3 = Fulcheri | first3 = E. | title = A case of stillbirth: the importance of placental investigation in medico-legal practice. | journal = Am J Forensic Med Pathol | volume = 30 | issue = 1 | pages = 64-8 | month = Mar | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1097/PAF.0b013e318187387e | PMID = 19237859 }}</ref> '''fibrinous vasculosis''', '''fibromuscular sclerosis''' and '''fetal artery stem thrombosis'''.


The multitude of terms reflects the confusion about this finding and that it has numerous etiologies.<ref name=pmid19237859/>
The multitude of terms reflects the confusion about this finding and that it has numerous etiologies.<ref name=pmid19237859/>
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==General==
==General==
*May cause [[IUGR]].
*May cause [[IUGR]].
*Associated with cerebral palsy and common in perinatal deaths.<ref name=pmid10414494>{{cite journal |author=Kraus FT, Acheen VI |title=Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta: cerebral thrombi and infarcts, coagulopathies, and cerebral palsy |journal=Hum. Pathol. |volume=30 |issue=7 |pages=759–69 |year=1999 |month=July |pmid=10414494 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
*Associated with cerebral palsy and common in perinatal deaths.<ref name=pmid10414494>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kraus | first1 = FT. | last2 = Acheen | first2 = VI. | title = Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta: cerebral thrombi and infarcts, coagulopathies, and cerebral palsy. | journal = Hum Pathol | volume = 30 | issue = 7 | pages = 759-69 | month = Jul | year = 1999 | doi = | PMID = 10414494 }}</ref>
*Mother may have a prothrombotic condition.<ref name=pmid24108664>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Magnetti | first1 = F. | last2 = Bagna | first2 = R. | last3 = Botta | first3 = G. | last4 = Viano | first4 = A. | last5 = Dorati | first5 = G. | last6 = Raia | first6 = M. | last7 = Bertino | first7 = E. | last8 = Saracco | first8 = P. | title = Fetal Thrombotic Vasculopathy and Perinatal Thrombosis: Should all Placentas be Examined? | journal = Am J Perinatol | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Oct | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1055/s-0033-1357267 | PMID = 24108664 }}</ref>
*Mother may have a prothrombotic condition.<ref name=pmid24108664>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Magnetti | first1 = F. | last2 = Bagna | first2 = R. | last3 = Botta | first3 = G. | last4 = Viano | first4 = A. | last5 = Dorati | first5 = G. | last6 = Raia | first6 = M. | last7 = Bertino | first7 = E. | last8 = Saracco | first8 = P. | title = Fetal Thrombotic Vasculopathy and Perinatal Thrombosis: Should all Placentas be Examined? | journal = Am J Perinatol | volume =  | issue =  | pages =  | month = Oct | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1055/s-0033-1357267 | PMID = 24108664 }}</ref>


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===Images===
===Images===
www:
Case 1:
*[http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254/F8.large.jpg FTV (bmj.com)].<ref>URL: [http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254.abstract http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254.abstract]. Accessed on: 12 January 2011.</ref>
*[http://gut.bmj.com/content/41/3/354/F3.large.jpg Thrombus - rat (bmj.com)].<ref>URL: [http://gut.bmj.com/content/41/3/354.full http://gut.bmj.com/content/41/3/354.full]. Accessed on: 12 January 2011.</ref>
*[http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/images/FTV.Fig.4a.jpg FTV - low mag. (womenandinfants.org)].<ref>URL: [http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/current-topics-in-perinatal-pathology.cfm http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/current-topics-in-perinatal-pathology.cfm]. Accessed on: 17 December 2012.</ref>
*[http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/images/FTV.Fig.4b.jpg FTV - high mag. (womenandinfants.org)].
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy - low mag.jpg | FTV - low mag. (WC)
Image: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy - low mag.jpg | FTV - low mag. (WC)
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Image: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy - very high mag.jpg | FTV - very high mag. (WC)
Image: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy - very high mag.jpg | FTV - very high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
</gallery>
Case 2:
<gallery>
Image: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy -- low mag.jpg | FTV - low mag. (WC)
Image: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy -- intermed mag.jpg | FTV - intermed mag. (WC)
Image: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy - alt -- intermed mag.jpg | FTV - intermed mag. (WC)
Image: Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy -- high mag.jpg | FTV - high mag. (WC)
</gallery>
www:
*[http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254/F8.large.jpg FTV (bmj.com)].<ref>URL: [http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254.abstract http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254.abstract]. Accessed on: 12 January 2011.</ref>
*[http://gut.bmj.com/content/41/3/354/F3.large.jpg Thrombus - rat (bmj.com)].<ref>URL: [http://gut.bmj.com/content/41/3/354.full http://gut.bmj.com/content/41/3/354.full]. Accessed on: 12 January 2011.</ref>
*[http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/images/FTV.Fig.4a.jpg FTV - low mag. (womenandinfants.org)].<ref>URL: [http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/current-topics-in-perinatal-pathology.cfm http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/current-topics-in-perinatal-pathology.cfm]. Accessed on: 17 December 2012.</ref>
*[http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/images/FTV.Fig.4b.jpg FTV - high mag. (womenandinfants.org)].


==Sign out==
==Sign out==

Latest revision as of 22:35, 14 November 2016

Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy
Diagnosis in short

Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy. H&E stain.
Synonyms fibrinous vasculosis, fibromuscular sclerosis, fetal artery stem thrombosis
LM thrombus in the fetal vasculature +/- recanalization (eosinophilic (light pink on H&E), moderately granular intravascular material (fibrin) with layering), +/-clustered fibrotic villi without blood vessels (chronic)
Site placenta
Associated Dx fetal death, cerebral palsy
Clinical history +/-prothrombotic condition in mother
Prognosis dependent on severity and underlying cause

Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy, abbreviated FTV, is characterized by thrombi in the fetus. In the context of a placenta, it is thrombi in the fetal blood vessels of the placenta.

A large number of terms are used for this including:[1] fibrinous vasculosis, fibromuscular sclerosis and fetal artery stem thrombosis.

The multitude of terms reflects the confusion about this finding and that it has numerous etiologies.[1]

General

  • May cause IUGR.
  • Associated with cerebral palsy and common in perinatal deaths.[2]
  • Mother may have a prothrombotic condition.[3]

Microscopic

Features:[2]

  • Thrombus in the fetal vasculature +/- recanalization.
    • Eosinophilic (light pink on H&E), moderately granular intravascular material (fibrin) with layering.
  • Clustered fibrotic villi without blood vessels - key feature.
    • This is a chronic change.

Images

Case 1:

  • FTV - low mag. (WC)

  • FTV - intermed. mag. (WC)

  • FTV - high mag. (WC)

  • FTV - very high mag. (WC)

Case 2:

  • FTV - low mag. (WC)

  • FTV - intermed mag. (WC)

  • FTV - intermed mag. (WC)

  • FTV - high mag. (WC)

www:

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PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, BIRTH:
- FETAL THROMBOTIC VASCULOPATHY, SEE COMMENT.
- PLACENTAL DISC WITH THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI INCREASED PERIVILLOUS FIBRIN DEPOSITION
  AND CALCIFICATIONS.
- PLACENTAL INFARCT (1.5 CM IN MAXIMAL DIMENSION).
- THREE VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
- FETAL MEMBRANES WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.

COMMENT:
Mother and baby should be worked up for prothrombotic conditions.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Marchetti, D.; Belviso, M.; Fulcheri, E. (Mar 2009). "A case of stillbirth: the importance of placental investigation in medico-legal practice.". Am J Forensic Med Pathol 30 (1): 64-8. doi:10.1097/PAF.0b013e318187387e. PMID 19237859.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kraus, FT.; Acheen, VI. (Jul 1999). "Fetal thrombotic vasculopathy in the placenta: cerebral thrombi and infarcts, coagulopathies, and cerebral palsy.". Hum Pathol 30 (7): 759-69. PMID 10414494.
  3. ↑ Magnetti, F.; Bagna, R.; Botta, G.; Viano, A.; Dorati, G.; Raia, M.; Bertino, E.; Saracco, P. (Oct 2013). "Fetal Thrombotic Vasculopathy and Perinatal Thrombosis: Should all Placentas be Examined?". Am J Perinatol. doi:10.1055/s-0033-1357267. PMID 24108664.
  4. ↑ URL: http://jcp.bmj.com/content/61/12/1254.abstract. Accessed on: 12 January 2011.
  5. ↑ URL: http://gut.bmj.com/content/41/3/354.full. Accessed on: 12 January 2011.
  6. ↑ URL: http://www.womenandinfants.org/fertilityandpregnancy/current-topics-in-perinatal-pathology.cfm. Accessed on: 17 December 2012.
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