Difference between revisions of "Pulmonary embolism"
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'''Pulmonary embolism''', abbreviated '''PE''', is often on the differential in [[autopsy|autopsies]], as it is not easy to diagnose clinically. | '''Pulmonary embolism''', abbreviated '''PE''', is often on the differential in [[autopsy|autopsies]], as it is not easy to diagnose clinically. | ||
''Pulmonary embolism'' is a non-specific term it may refer to a number of things, including: | |||
*Pulmonary venous thromboembolism. | |||
*Pulmonary fat embolism. | |||
*Pulmonary foreign body embolism. | |||
*Pulmonary septic embolism. | |||
PE usually refers to '''pulmonary venous thromboembolism''', abbreviated '''VTE''', if not otherwise specified. | |||
==Clinical== | ==Clinical== | ||
| Line 12: | Line 20: | ||
*Venous thrombosis OR~=12 for PE.<ref name=pmid20648405>{{cite journal |author=Reissig A, Haase U, Schulze E, Lehmann T, Kroegel C |title=[Diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary embolism prior to death] |language=German |journal=Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. |volume=135 |issue=30 |pages=1477–83 |year=2010 |month=July |pmid=20648405 |doi=10.1055/s-0030-1262435 |url=}}</ref> | *Venous thrombosis OR~=12 for PE.<ref name=pmid20648405>{{cite journal |author=Reissig A, Haase U, Schulze E, Lehmann T, Kroegel C |title=[Diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary embolism prior to death] |language=German |journal=Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. |volume=135 |issue=30 |pages=1477–83 |year=2010 |month=July |pmid=20648405 |doi=10.1055/s-0030-1262435 |url=}}</ref> | ||
==Risks== | ==Risks factors (VTE)== | ||
*Trauma. | *Trauma. | ||
*Immobility. | *Immobility. | ||
| Line 29: | Line 37: | ||
**Sticky platelet syndrome. | **Sticky platelet syndrome. | ||
==Gross== | ==Gross (VTE)== | ||
*Intravascular spagetti with cream sauce. | *Intravascular spagetti with cream sauce. | ||
*Leg swelling. | *Leg swelling. | ||
==Microscopic== | ==Microscopic (VTE)== | ||
Features: | Features: | ||
*Organized blood components (RBCs, WBCs) in layers with organization (fibrin); ''Lines of Zahn'' = layers of components | *Organized blood components (RBCs, WBCs) in layers with organization (fibrin); ''Lines of Zahn'' = layers of components | ||
Revision as of 16:01, 19 September 2010
Pulmonary embolism, abbreviated PE, is often on the differential in autopsies, as it is not easy to diagnose clinically.
Pulmonary embolism is a non-specific term it may refer to a number of things, including:
- Pulmonary venous thromboembolism.
- Pulmonary fat embolism.
- Pulmonary foreign body embolism.
- Pulmonary septic embolism.
PE usually refers to pulmonary venous thromboembolism, abbreviated VTE, if not otherwise specified.
Clinical
- Shortness of breath (dyspnea) - classic symptom.
- Tachycardia.
- Chest pain.
- Findings associated with deep vein thrombosis
- Leg pain.
- Leg swelling.
Notes:
- Venous thrombosis OR~=12 for PE.[1]
Risks factors (VTE)
- Trauma.
- Immobility.
- Pregnancy.
- Medications (e.g. OCPs).
- Hypercoagulable states (memory device CALMSHAPES):[2]
- Protein C deficiency.
- Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APLA).
- Leiden factor V deficiency.
- Malignancy.
- Protein S deficiency.
- Homocystinemia.
- Antithrombin deficiency.
- Prothrombin G20210A.
- Excess factor VIII.
- Sticky platelet syndrome.
Gross (VTE)
- Intravascular spagetti with cream sauce.
- Leg swelling.
Microscopic (VTE)
Features:
- Organized blood components (RBCs, WBCs) in layers with organization (fibrin); Lines of Zahn = layers of components
Images:
See also
References
- ↑ Reissig A, Haase U, Schulze E, Lehmann T, Kroegel C (July 2010). "[Diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary embolism prior to death]" (in German). Dtsch. Med. Wochenschr. 135 (30): 1477–83. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1262435. PMID 20648405.
- ↑ URL: http://archinte.highwire.org/cgi/content/full/161/20/2433. Accessed on: 15 September 2010.