Difference between revisions of "Spleen"
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*[[Hemophagocytic syndrome]].<ref name=pmid20127750>{{Cite journal | last1 = Maakaroun | first1 = NR. | last2 = Moanna | first2 = A. | last3 = Jacob | first3 = JT. | last4 = Albrecht | first4 = H. | title = Viral infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome. | journal = Rev Med Virol | volume = 20 | issue = 2 | pages = 93-105 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1002/rmv.638 | PMID = 20127750 }} | *[[Hemophagocytic syndrome]].<ref name=pmid20127750>{{Cite journal | last1 = Maakaroun | first1 = NR. | last2 = Moanna | first2 = A. | last3 = Jacob | first3 = JT. | last4 = Albrecht | first4 = H. | title = Viral infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome. | journal = Rev Med Virol | volume = 20 | issue = 2 | pages = 93-105 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.1002/rmv.638 | PMID = 20127750 }} | ||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
==DDx by compartment== | |||
===Red pulp=== | |||
*[[Hairy cell leukemia]]. | |||
*Acute leukemia.<ref name=Ref_WMSP_596>{{Ref WMSP|596}}</ref> | |||
*[[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]]<ref name=Ref_WMSP595>{{Ref WMSP|595}}</ref> (AKA Hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma). | |||
=Specific disorders= | =Specific disorders= | ||
Revision as of 02:23, 29 November 2011
The spleen is a forgotten organ.
Normal histology
- Capsule.
- Red pulp - red blood cells.
- White pulp - white blood cells.
Splenic enlargement
- Portal hypertension (often due to cirrhosis).
- Lymphoma:
- Hairy cell leukemia.
- Splenic marginal zone lymphoma.[1]
- Splenic diffuse red pulp small B cell lymphoma.[2]
- Mononucleosis (EBV infection).
- Hemophagocytic syndrome.[3]
DDx by compartment
Red pulp
- Hairy cell leukemia.
- Acute leukemia.[4]
- Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma[5] (AKA Hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma).
Specific disorders
Hyaloserositis
- Properly referred to as hyaloserositis of the spleen.
- Capsule of the spleen is white - resembles sugar-coating; also known as sugar-coated spleen.[6]
- Importance: none - benign.
Image(s):
Mononucleosis
General
- EBV infection.
- Massive splenic enlargement.
Microscopic
Features:
- Atypical lymphoid cells.
Littoral cell angioma
- For angioma see vascular malformations.
- AKA littoral cell angioma of the spleen.
General
Features:[7]
- Rare.
- Benign.
- Pyrexia (fever), splenomegaly, weight loss, solitary hypodense lesion on imaging.
Note:
Microscopic
Features:[7]
- Anastoming, small vascular channels.
- Cystic spaces.
- May have papillary projections.[8]
DDx:[7]
- Vascular lesions:
Images:
- LCA - low mag. (webpathology.com).
- LCA - high mag. (webpathology.com).
- LCA - very low mag. (WC).
- LCA - intermed. mag. (WC).
- LCA - very high mag. (WC).
IHC
Features:[7]
- CD68 +ve.
- CD31 +ve
Splenic hamartoma
General
- Benign.
- Women > men.[11]
Microscopic
Features:[12]
- Variable size irregular vascular channels
- Red pulp-like disorganized stroma
- +/-Lymphoid follicles.
IHC
Features:[12]
- CD8 +ve endothelial cells.
Weird stuff
- Dendritic cell tumours.[4]
- Interdigitating dendritic cell tumour.
- Follicular dendritic cell tumour.
Follicular dendritic cell tumour
- AKA follicular dendritic cell sarcoma,[13] dendritic reticulum cell sarcoma, (???) follicular dendritic cell neoplasm. (???)
General
- Very rare.
- Behave like a low-grade sarcoma.[14]
- Reported association with Castleman disease (hyaline-vascular type).[14]
Microscopic
Features:[14]
- Oval or spindle-shaped cellular & nuclear morphology.
- Variable architecture (sheets, fascicles, whorles, storiform pattern).
- Nuclei:
- Small nucleoli.
- Clear or dispersed chromatin.
- Multinucleated cells.
- Interspersed small lymphocytes - distinctive feature.
- +/-Necrosis.
- +/-Marked nuclear atypia.
- +/-Abundant mitoses.
Images:
IHC
Features:[14]
- CD21 +ve.
- CD35 +ve.
- Ki-M4p +ve
- Ki-FDRC1p +ve.
- Vimentin +ve.
- S-100 +ve/-ve.
- Muscle-specific actin +ve/-ve.
- EMA +ve/-ve.
See also
References
- ↑ Bennett, M.; Schechter, GP. (Apr 2010). "Treatment of splenic marginal zone lymphoma: splenectomy versus rituximab.". Semin Hematol 47 (2): 143-7. doi:10.1053/j.seminhematol.2010.01.004. PMID 20350661.
- ↑ Baseggio L, Traverse-Glehen A, Callet-Bauchu E, et al. (March 2011). "Relevance of a scoring system including CD11c expression in the identification of splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (SRPL)". Hematol Oncol 29 (1): 47–51. doi:10.1002/hon.957. PMID 20677173.
- ↑ Maakaroun, NR.; Moanna, A.; Jacob, JT.; Albrecht, H. (Mar 2010). "Viral infections associated with haemophagocytic syndrome.". Rev Med Virol 20 (2): 93-105. doi:10.1002/rmv.638. PMID 20127750.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 596. ISBN 978-0781765275.
- ↑ Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 595. ISBN 978-0781765275.
- ↑ URL: http://www.drugs.com/dict/sugar-coated-spleen.html. Accessed on: 1 September 2010.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Tan, YM.; Chuah, KL.; Wong, WK. (Jul 2004). "Littoral cell angioma of the spleen.". Ann Acad Med Singapore 33 (4): 524-6. PMID 15329769. http://www.annals.edu.sg/pdf200408/V33N4p524.pdf.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Dascalescu, CM.; Wendum, D.; Gorin, NC. (Sep 2001). "Littoral-cell angioma as a cause of splenomegaly.". N Engl J Med 345 (10): 772-3. doi:10.1056/NEJM200109063451016. PMID 11547761. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200109063451016.
- ↑ URL: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/littoral. Accessed on: 24 July 2011.
- ↑ URL: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/littoral. Accessed on: 24 July 2011.
- ↑ Sankar, S.; Thanka, J.; Jagdishchandrabose, S.; Rajendran, S.. "Splenic hamartoma: a rare vascular space occupying lesion of the spleen.". Indian J Pathol Microbiol 54 (1): 223-5. doi:10.4103/0377-4929.77416. PMID 21393931.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Lee, H.; Maeda, K. (Jan 2009). "Hamartoma of the spleen.". Arch Pathol Lab Med 133 (1): 147-51. doi:10.1043/1543-2165-133.1.147. PMID 19123729.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Leipsic, JA.; McAdams, HP.; Sporn, TA. (Jun 2007). "Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the mediastinum.". AJR Am J Roentgenol 188 (6): W554-6. doi:10.2214/AJR.04.1530. PMID 17515347.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Perez-Ordoñez, B.; Rosai, J. (May 1998). "Follicular dendritic cell tumor: review of the entity.". Semin Diagn Pathol 15 (2): 144-54. PMID 9606805.