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| Line 24: |
Line 24: |
| *[[Calcific aortic stenosis]]. | | *[[Calcific aortic stenosis]]. |
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| ==Gross spot diagnosis== | | ==Gross pathology spot diagnoses== |
| ===Heart===
| | {{Main|Gross pathology spot diagnoses}} |
| [[Heart valve]]:
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| *[[Infective endocarditis]].
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| *[[Bicuspid aortic valve]].
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| *[[Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis]] - non-distructive.
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| *[[Rheumatic heart disease]] - fish mouth valve, thick cordae tendinae.
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| *[[Calcific aortic stenosis]].
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| Heart - other:
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| *[[Fibrinous pericarditis]].
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| *[[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] - septal thickness > free wall thickness.
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| *Cardiac hypertrophy.
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| *[[Dilated cardiomyopathy]].
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| *[[Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy]].
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| *[[Atrial septal defect]].
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| *[[Ventricular septal defect]].
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| *Patent foramen ovale.
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| ===Cardiovascular===
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| *[[Aortic dissection]].
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| *Aortic rupture.
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| *[[Cerebral saccular aneurysm]].
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| ===Lungs===
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| *[[Pulmonary thromboembolism]].
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| *[[Pulmonary infarct]].
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| *Lung abscess.
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| *Lung tumour (primary).
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| *Metatstatic tumour lung - usu. multiple and peripheral.
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| *[[Malignant mesothelioma]].
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| *[[Pleural plaques]].
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| *[[Emphysema]].
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| *[[Pneumothorax]].
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| *[[Hemothorax]].
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| *Hypoplasia secondary to [[diaphragmatic hernia]].
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| ===Gastrointestinal pathology===
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| [[Esophagus]]:
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| *[[Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus]] - classically mid esophagus.
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| *[[Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus]] - usually distal esophagus.
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| *[[Barrett's esophagus]].
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| *[[Esophageal varices]].
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| *Esophageal perforation.
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| Stomach:
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| *Malignant gastric ulcer.
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| *Peptic ulcer.
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| *[[Gastric antral vascular ectasia]].
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| *[[Leopard spots]] - seen in hypothermia.
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| *[[GIST]].
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| [[Duodenum]]:
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| *Peptic ulcer.
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| *[[Duodenal adenocarcinoma]] - classically assoc. with [[FAP]].
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| [[Liver]]:
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| *[[Cirrhosis]].
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| *[[Hydatid cyst]].
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| *[[Hepatocellular carcinoma]] - in the context of cirrhosis.
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| *[[Metastases]].
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| *[[Hemangioma]].
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| *[[Focal nodular hyperplasia]].
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| *[[Hepatic adenoma]].
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| *[[Cholangiocarcinoma]].
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| *[[Congestive hepatopathy]] (nutmeg liver) - seen in [[congestive heart failure]].
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| *Hepatic infarct - classically at the periphery, red and wedge-shaped.
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| [[Gallbladder]]:
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| *[[Cholelithiasis]].
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| *[[Cholesterolosis of the gallbladder]].
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| *Gallbladder polyp.
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| [[Pancreas]]:
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| *[[Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm]] - with age & sex provided.
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| *[[Pancreatic adenocarcinoma]].
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| *[[Neuroendocrine tumour]].
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| *[[Chronic pancreatitis]].
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| [[Small bowel]]:
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| *Ischemic small bowel.
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| *[[Meckel's diverticulum]].
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| *[[Intussusception]].
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| *Neuroendocrine tumour - if on section.
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| *[[GIST]].
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| *Incarcerated hernia.
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| [[Appendix]]:
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| *[[Acute appendicitis]].
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| *[[Neuroendocrine tumour of the appendix]].
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| *[[Mucinous tumour of the appendix]].
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| Large bowel:
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| *[[Colorectal adenocarcinoma]].
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| *Bowel infarction.
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| *[[Ulcerative colitis]] - no skip lesions, no wall thickening.
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| *[[Crohn's disease]] - [[creeping fat]], cobble stone pattern, skip lesions, fistulas.
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| *[[Pseudomembranous colitis]].
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| ===Gynecologic pathology===
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| Ovary:
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| *Mucinous tumour.
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| *[[Mature teratoma]].
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| *[[Serous cystadenoma of the ovary]].
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| *[[ovarian fibroma|Fibroma]].
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| *[[Brenner tumour]] - may be yellow, typically solid.
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| *[[Endometrioma]].
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| Uterine tube:
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| *[[Ectopic pregnancy]].
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| *Tubal abscess.
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| *[[Adenomatoid tumour]].
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| Uterus:
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| *[[Adenomyosis of the uterus|Adenomyosis]].
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| *[[Uterine leiomyoma|Leiomyoma]] - multiple.
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| *Endometrial carcinoma.
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| *[[Uterine leiomyosarcoma|Leiomyosarcoma]] - friable, solitary, fish flesh.
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| *[[Bicornuate uterus]].
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| *[[Uterus didelphys]].
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| *[[Sarcoma botryoides]] (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma).
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| Uterine cervix:
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| *[[Nabothian cyst]].
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| *[[Cervical polyp]].
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| *Cervical carcinoma.
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| ===Dermatopathology===
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| Tumour:
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| *[[Basal cell carcinoma]].
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| *[[Squamous cell carcinoma]].
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| *[[Malignant melanoma]].
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| Possible syndromic:
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| *[[Seborrheic keratosis]] - [[Leser–Trélat sign]]
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| *[[Neurofibroma]] - [[neurofibromatosis]].
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| *[[Angiofibroma]] - [[Fabry disease]].
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| ===Neuropathology=== | |
| Bleeds:
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| *[[Epidural hematoma]]
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| *[[Subdural hematoma]].
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| *[[Subarachnoid hematoma]] - [[berry aneurysm]].
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| *[[Intracerebral hematoma]] - hypertensive, usu. thalamus.
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| **Lobar hemorrhage - periphery of cortex.
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| *[[Duret hemorrhage]] - pontine hemorrhage.
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| Tumours:
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| *[[Meningioma]] - intradural, extramedullary.
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| *Glioma.
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| *[[Schwannoma]] - cerebellopontine angle.
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| *[[Myxopapillary ependymoma]] - filum terminale.
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| Non-tumour:
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| *[[Diffuse axonal injury]] - classically corpus callosum.
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| *[[Fat embolism]].
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| *[[Cerebral contusion]].
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| **[[Plaque jaune]].
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| *Cerebral infarction - classically MCA territory.
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| Neurodegenerative:
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| *[[Alzheimer disease]] - atrophy spares occipital lobe.
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| *Frontotemporal dementia.
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| *[[Huntington disease]] - young, caudate nucleus missing.
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| ===Genitourinary pathology===
| |
| Kidney:
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| *[[Clear cell renal cell carcinoma]] - yellow.
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| *[[Papillary renal cell carcinoma]] - friable.
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| *[[Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma]] - brown +/-hemorrhage, no central scar.
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| *[[Renal oncocytoma]] - brown, central scar.
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| *[[Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease]].
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| *[[Angiomyolipoma]] - fat.
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| Testis:
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| *[[Seminoma]] - solid.
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| *[[Mixed germ cell tumour]] - cystic (often teratoma) & solid.<ref name=Ref_AoGP447>{{Ref AoGP|447}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Leydig cell tumour]] - brown.
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| *Testicular torsion.
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| Paratesticular:
| |
| *[[Liposarcoma]].
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| | |
| ===Placenta===
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| Membranes:
| |
| *Marginal inserion - normal.
| |
| *[[Circumvallate placenta]].
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| *[[Circummarginate placenta]].
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| Disc:
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| *Retroplacental blood clot - suggestive of [[placental abruption]].
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| *[[Chorangioma]] - big red intraparenchymal.
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| *[[Placental infarct]] - white = old, red = recent.
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| *[[Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome]] - one side beefy red the other pale.
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| *Meconium staining/[[chorioamnionitis]].
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| *[[Amnion nodosum]].
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| *[[Squamous metaplasia of the amnion]].
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| *Succenturiate placenta (placenta with accessory lobe(s)).
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| *Bilobate placenta.
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| | |
| Cord:
| |
| *[[Two vessel umbilical cord]].
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| *False knot.
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| *True knot.
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| *Membranous insertion ([[AKA]] velamentous insertion).
| |
| *Furcate insertion - vessels separate before inserting.
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| ===Fetal===
| |
| *[[Amniotic rupture sequence]] - includes [[amniotic band syndrome]].
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| *[[Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome]] (TTTS).
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| | |
| Genetic:
| |
| *[[Down syndrome]].
| |
| *[[Edwards syndrome]].
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| *[[Patau syndrome]].
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| *[[Turner syndrome]].
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|
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
