Difference between revisions of "Cardiac myxoma"

Cardiac myxoma
	External resources
Wikipedia	atrial myxoma
Rosai Collection	1267

Cardiac myxoma
	Diagnosis in short
	; Atrial myxoma. H&E stain.
LM	myxoid material (extra cellular), myxoma cells (stellate, polygonal or spindled morphology; +/-multinucleated, inconspicuous nucleoli; abundant cytoplasm), calcified elastic fibers (gamna bodies), +/-hemorrhage, +/-endothelial covering, +/-ossification, +/-fibrosis
LM DDx	myxofibrosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma, papillary fibroelastoma
Gross	usu. atrium, usu. left side, classically projects into the lumen
Site	heart
Symptoms	+/-dyspnea, +/-neurologic symptoms
Prevalence	most common heart tumour, generally uncommon
Clin. DDx	other heart tumours

Revision as of 18:40, 6 June 2016

Cardiac myxoma is the most common tumour of the heart. They are typical in the atrium; thus, a synonym is atrial myxoma.

General

Uncommon.
Clinical: may lead to cerebral infarction.^[1]
Diagnosed by imaging.
May be familial, i.e. Carney complex (AKA NAME syndrome, AKA LAMB syndrome).^[2]
- NAME = Nevi, Atrial myxoma, Myxoid neurofibroma, and Ephelides (freckles^[3]).
- LAMB = Lentigines, Atrial myxomas, Mucocutaneous myxomas, Blue nevi.

Most common presentations:^[1]

Dyspnea - 45%.
Neurologic symptoms 36%.

Gross

Location:^[1]

Usually atrial.
Usually left side ~60%.^[4]

Features:^[4]

Lobular surface.
Smooth surface.

Image

Cardiac myxoma. (WC/PIER)

Microscopic

Features:^[4]

Myxoid material - extra cellular - key feature.
Myxoma cells:^[5]
- Stellate, polygonal or spindled morphology.
- +/-Multinucleated.
- Inconspicuous nucleoli.
- Abundant cytoplasm.
Calcified elastic fibers - gamna bodies.
Hemorrhage common.
Often covered by endothelium.
+/-Ossification.
+/-Fibrosis.

DDx:^[6]

Papillary fibroelastoma - not really in the histomorphologic differential diagnosis.
Myxofibrosarcoma - nuclear pleomorphism.
Myxoid liposarcoma - chickenwire vasculature.

Images

Atrial myxoma - high mag. (WC)
Atrial myxoma - endothelial covering - high mag. (WC)
Atrial myxoma - sharp border - low mag. (WC)

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MASS, LEFT ATRIUM, EXCISION:
- MYXOMA.

Micro

The sections show paucicellular myxoid material containing polygonal and spindled cells with eosinophilic myxoid cytoplasm, bland nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli and focal multinucleation (myxoma cells). Hemosiderin-laden macrophages, calcified elastic fibres (gamna bodies) and scattered inflammatory cells are also present. There is no nuclear atypia. Mitotic activity is not evident. Several sections show fresh hemorrhage. The edge has a fibrotic rim and appears to be covered by endothelium. No cardiac muscle is identified.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Knepper LE, Biller J, Adams HP, Bruno A (November 1988). "Neurologic manifestations of atrial myxoma. A 12-year experience and review". Stroke 19 (11): 1435-40. PMID 3188128. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/19/11/1435.
↑ Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 135. ISBN 978-0781765275.
↑ URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119293-overview. Accessed on: 7 January 2011.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Grebenc, ML.; Rosado-de-Christenson, ML.; Green, CE.; Burke, AP.; Galvin, JR.. "Cardiac myxoma: imaging features in 83 patients.". Radiographics 22 (3): 673-89. PMID 12006696. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pmid12006696" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Orlandi, A.; Ciucci, A.; Ferlosio, A.; Genta, R.; Spagnoli, LG.; Gabbiani, G. (Jun 2006). "Cardiac myxoma cells exhibit embryonic endocardial stem cell features.". J Pathol 209 (2): 231-9. doi:10.1002/path.1959. PMID 16508920.
↑ Tadrous, Paul.J. Diagnostic Criteria Handbook in Histopathology: A Surgical Pathology Vade Mecum (1st ed.). Wiley. pp. 79. ISBN 978-0470519035.

[pmid3188128-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Knepper LE, Biller J, Adams HP, Bruno A (November 1988). "Neurologic manifestations of atrial myxoma. A 12-year experience and review". Stroke 19 (11): 1435-40. PMID 3188128. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/19/11/1435.

[2] Humphrey, Peter A; Dehner, Louis P; Pfeifer, John D (2008). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology (1st ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 135. ISBN 978-0781765275.

[3] URL: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1119293-overview. Accessed on: 7 January 2011.

[pmid12006696-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 Grebenc, ML.; Rosado-de-Christenson, ML.; Green, CE.; Burke, AP.; Galvin, JR.. "Cardiac myxoma: imaging features in 83 patients.". Radiographics 22 (3): 673-89. PMID 12006696. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "pmid12006696" defined multiple times with different content

[pmid16508920-5] Orlandi, A.; Ciucci, A.; Ferlosio, A.; Genta, R.; Spagnoli, LG.; Gabbiani, G. (Jun 2006). "Cardiac myxoma cells exhibit embryonic endocardial stem cell features.". J Pathol 209 (2): 231-9. doi:10.1002/path.1959. PMID 16508920.

[6] Tadrous, Paul.J. Diagnostic Criteria Handbook in Histopathology: A Surgical Pathology Vade Mecum (1st ed.). Wiley. pp. 79. ISBN 978-0470519035.

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@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 *Lobular surface.
 *Smooth surface.
+===Image===
+<gallery>
+Image:Myxoma.jpg |Cardiac myxoma. (WC/PIER)
+</gallery>
 ==Microscopic==