Granulomatous prostatitis

Granulomatous prostatitis
Diagnosis in short
Granulomatous prostatitis. H&E stain.
LM	granulomas +/- eosinophils
Subtypes	non-specific, post-TURP, specific, allergic
LM DDx	disseminated granulomatous diseases
Stains	GMS stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stain
Site	prostate gland
Prognosis	dependent on underlying etiology
Clin. DDx	other types of prostatitis

Granulomatous prostatitis, also known as prostatic granuloma and prostate gland granuloma, is a common benign finding the prostate.

General

• Common.
• Usually secondary to BCG treatment of bladder cancer.
• Several classifications exist - the most commonly used is by Epstein & Hutchins.

Epstein & Hutchins classification

The groupings:

1. Non-specific.
   • No cause identified, usu. incidentally discovered.
   • Most common.
2. Post-TURP.
   • Palisading granuloma with necrotic core (histology similar to a rheumatoid nodule) +/- eosinophils.
3. Specific.
   • Identifiable infectious agent, usu. BCG (in the context of treating bladder cancer), rarely tuberculosis and even more rarely various fungi and syphilis.
4. Allergic granulomatous prostatitis.
   • Usually associated with eosinophils.
   • Examples:
     1. Wegener granulomatosis.
     2. Churg-Strauss syndrome.

Microscopic

Features:

• Granulomas in the prostate - key feature.
  • Palisading granulomas with a necrotic core (similar to a rheumatoid nodule) consistent a prior TURP.
• +/-Eosinophils.

Images

• 

  Granulomatous inflammation of the prostate/bladder neck - low mag. (WC/Nephron)

• 

  Granulomatous inflammation of the prostate/bladder neck - high mag. (WC/Nephron)

Stains

• GMS stain.
• Ziehl-Neelsen stain.

Note:

• Stains are indicated when there is a suspicion of an infective etiology based on histomorphology or clinical information (e.g. immunosuppression).

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Post-TURP

PROSTATE GLAND, TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE (TURP):
- BENIGN PROSTATIC TISSUE WITH GLANDULAR AND STROMAL PROLIFERATION.
- PALISADING GRANULOMA WITH NECROTIC CORE, SEE COMMENT.

COMMENT:
This is morphologically consistent with a post-TURP granuloma.

Idiopathic

A-L. PROSTATE GLAND,
 RIGHT LATERAL SUPERIOR, RIGHT MEDIAL SUPERIOR, RIGHT LATERAL MIDZONE,
 RIGHT MEDIAL MIDZONE, RIGHT LATERAL INTERIOR, RIGHT MEDIAL INFERIOR,
 LEFT LATERAL SUPERIOR, LEFT MEDIAL SUPERIOR, LEFT LATERAL MIDZONE, 
 LEFT MEDIAL MIDZONE, LEFT LATERAL INTERIOR, LEFT MEDIAL INFERIOR, 
  CORE BIOPSIES:
	- BENIGN PROSTATE TISSUE;
	- GRANULOMATOUS PROSTATITIS, NON-NECROTIZING, SEE COMMENT.

COMMENT:
Granulomatous prostatitis is usually idiopathic. Other possibilities include: 
post-procedural granulomatous inflammation (e.g. post-TURP, BCG treatment), 
allergic prostatitis and infections.

Infectious etiologies of granulomatous disease should be considered clinically.

See also

• Prostate gland.
• Genitourinary pathology

References

Genitourinary pathology