Testicular torsion

Testicular torsion is rotation of the testis resulting in reduced to no blood flow.

General

• Clinical diagnosis.

Clinical:

• Pain.

Treatment:

• Surgery.

Microscopic

Features:

• Intratubular hemorrhage.
• Desquamation of germ cells.
• +/-Necrosis of germ cells.

May be graded:

• Grade 1:
  • Intertubular edema.
  • Limited blood extravasation.
  • Desquamation of germ cells.
• Grade 2:
  • Diffuse intertubular hemorrhage.
  • Focal necrosis of the germ cells.
• Grade 3:
  • Infarction of parenchyma - diffuse.

DDx:

• Testicular tumour (e.g. germ cell tumour).
• Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (incidental finding).

See also

• Testis.