Pleural effusion
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Pleural effusion is accumulation of fluid within the potential space around the lung. It has a longer differential diagnosis.[1][2]
The pathology of pleural fluids is dealt with in the mesothelial cytopathology article.
Causes
Benign causes
- Pneumonia.
- Congestive heart failure.
- End-stage renal disease.
- Liver cirrhosis.[3]
- Nephrotic syndrome - various underlying causes.
- Systemic lupus erythematosus.[2]
- Tuberculosis.
- Others.
Syndromic
Malignancy
- Malignant mesothelioma.[4]
- Lung adenocarcinoma.
- Metastatic disease.
- Breast adenocarcinoma.[5]
- Colorectal adenocarcinoma.
- Gastric adenocarcinoma.
- Renal cell carcinoma.[6]
- Others.
See also
- Lung.
- Pneumothorax.
- Mesothelial cytopathology - deals with pleural fluid specimens.
References
- ↑ Na, MJ. (May 2014). "Diagnostic tools of pleural effusion.". Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 76 (5): 199-210. doi:10.4046/trd.2014.76.5.199. PMID 24920946.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Light, RW. (Nov 2011). "Pleural effusions.". Med Clin North Am 95 (6): 1055-70. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.08.005. PMID 22032427.
- ↑ Porcel, JM.; Mas, E.; Reñé, JM.; Bielsa, S. (Dec 2013). "[Hepatic hydrothorax: report of a series of 77 patients].". Med Clin (Barc) 141 (11): 484-6. doi:10.1016/j.medcli.2013.06.017. PMID 24018252.
- ↑ Karpathiou, G.; Stefanou, D.; Froudarakis, ME. (Aug 2015). "Pleural neoplastic pathology.". Respir Med 109 (8): 931-43. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2015.05.014. PMID 26048082.
- ↑ Agalioti, T.; Giannou, AD.; Stathopoulos, GT. (Jun 2015). "Pleural involvement in lung cancer.". J Thorac Dis 7 (6): 1021-30. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.04.23. PMID 26150915.
- ↑ Agrawal, A.; Sahni, S.; Iftikhar, A.; Talwar, A. (Oct 2015). "Pulmonary manifestations of renal cell carcinoma.". Respir Med. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2015.10.002. PMID 26525375.